From America’s defeat to the controversial corridor, what happened at the G20 meeting?
Every year, a meeting is held with the presence of the leaders of twenty countries that have the largest and fastest growing economies in the world, which is called the “Group of 20”. This year, the G20 summit was held in New Delhi, the capital of India, and ended its work after two days.
This year was the first time that the meeting was held in India, during which the African Union was accepted as a permanent member of this group. Narendra Modi announced that the African Union, consisting of 55 countries, became a member of the Group of 20. India, which held the rotating presidency of the group, has invited the leaders of Bangladesh, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Egypt, the Republic of Mauritius, Oman, Singapore, Spain, and the United Arab Emirates, in addition to the member countries, to participate in this summit.
establishment of an economic bloc; why and how
The Group of 20, which has two-thirds of the world’s population and 80% of the world’s gross domestic product, consists of finance ministers and heads of central banks of 19 member countries, including; Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, England, United States of America and the European Union in 1999 and in response to The financial crises of the late 1990s and the recognition that the emerging economic powers were not properly included in the global economic debates established it.
The managing director of the International Monetary Fund and the head of the World Bank, the heads of the monetary and financial development committees of the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank are also present in the meetings of this group by virtue of their position.
Group meetings
The meetings of the group are held with the aim of discussing global issues, and its first meeting was held in Berlin in December 1999, jointly hosted by the finance ministers of Germany and Canada. In 2009, it was introduced as “the top forum for international economic cooperation”.
The chairmanship of the group meeting periodically rotates among the member countries. The chairman of the meeting is elected every year from among the countries that are members of different regional groupings. The Prime Minister of India, whose country hosted the meeting this year, handed over the chairmanship to Brazil on Sunday, September 10, on the second day of the meeting after the official approval of the group’s joint statement.
Unlike international institutions such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank, the Group of 20 (like the Group of 7) does not have its own permanent headquarters.
You sat in the shadow of war
Group of 21 is an unofficial organization and its meeting is only for discussion. The group’s decisions are published in a statement at the end. But the statements are not legally binding. But in this meeting, it is possible to create an executive foundation for the legal contracts that have been signed elsewhere and speed up the implementation of the contract.
At this year’s summit, participating leaders agreed on a joint declaration that included a statement on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Given that there were sharp differences between the countries of the group over the war in Ukraine, few expected to reach a joint declaration, especially on the first day of the summit, but on the same day the leaders of the group condemned the use of force for territorial interests, but They refrained from directly criticizing Russia. The Ukrainian government said the statement was “nothing to be proud of.”
Avoiding the Group of 20 from becoming a “political club”
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, who attended the meeting in the absence of President Vladimir Putin, noted that the West could not involve the G20 summit in New Delhi in the Ukraine conflict, and this is thanks to the efforts of developing countries.
Lavrov, while appreciating India for hosting the summit, which, according to him, helped to consolidate the countries of the south, added: as a result of these efforts, the countries of the south stood up “to protect their legitimate interests” and prevented the West from Ukrainianizing the entire agenda of the meeting. divert attention from the challenges facing emerging economies.
Lavrov stressed that the G20 should focus on economic and financial issues and praised emerging countries for preventing the meeting from turning into a “political club”.
It seems that Lavrov’s reference to the aid of “developing countries” to Russia against the United States indicates that this time deep differences have arisen in the Group of 20, which can be attributed to the reduction of the group’s role and its ability to solve economic problems. International crises, as well as the growth of other economic blocs.